马德里F1西班牙大奖赛：倾斜的第12弯或成关键
新增的马德里站本周末开赛前已在围场引发大量讨论，焦点集中在赛道安全问题以及第12弯La Monumental。
为什么马德林（马德里赛道）的12号倾斜弯可能在西班牙大奖赛中至关重要
倍耐力表示，“纪念弯”（La Monumental）对一级方程式轮胎施加的持续负荷是其他任何弯道都无法比拟的，而车手们发现，只要正确控制油门，就能赢得圈速
这条最新加入一级方程式赛历的赛道在周末开始前就已在围场内引发了大量讨论。大多数话题都集中在安全问题上，以及围绕IFEMA会展中心的这条赛道是否真的会像几支车队在相当混乱的三级方程式测试后所担心的那样，成为一辆辆赛车的“杀手”
另一个引起极大兴趣的方面是新赛道的12号弯“纪念弯”。这是一个倾角为13.5度的弯道，相当于大约24%的坡度。
这比赞德沃特的最后一个弯道坡度要小——阿里·伦代克弯有18度的倾角——但尽管如此，倍耐力仍将拉·蒙努门塔尔弯描述为整个F1赛历中对轮胎最艰难的弯道。
倍耐力首席工程师西蒙内·贝拉解释说：“基本上，垂直能量的峰值并不比赛历上其他弯道更高，比如卡塔尔、赞德沃特的倾角弯道等等。更关键的是你承受负荷的时间长短以及持续不断的负荷。”
“所以基本上，不是两三秒，而是有5.5秒处于这些负荷之下。因此在该区域的工作负荷周期翻了一倍。这是需要牢记的关键点，也是我们在计算中所考虑的因素。”
目前，实际情况似乎与倍耐力在周末之前进行的计算相符，贝拉在接受《赛车运动》(Motorsport.com) 网站提问时确认了这一点。
“目前情况与我们的模拟结果一致。显然我们仍在检查所有的负荷和所有数据。目前我们只检查了三四支车队，但到目前为止我们所看到的都在预期之内，”贝拉在周五晚上表示。
这条倾斜弯道的长度意味着轮胎所承受的整体负荷比赞德福特要大。
这意味着目前不存在安全问题，不像卡塔尔过去曾出现过的问题，最初是因为所谓的金字塔形路肩，后来则是因为负荷过大。在马德里，诸如限制单段（阶段）最长行驶时间或其他干预措施目前都不在考虑范围内。
“目前没有任何需要担心的地方，”贝拉确认道。“显然我们仍在工作，需要核对所有数据。我们明天还会继续，因为我们在对轮胎进行切片检查，所以必须检查所有的轮胎结构。这一流程尚未结束。周六上午我们将切开第二次自由练习赛使用的其他轮胎，也会切开第三次自由练习赛的轮胎，但目前没有任何顾虑。”
哪些车队的判断是对的？倍耐力揭示各队模拟结果存在差异
除了安全问题之外，赛前关于拉蒙特希克赛道（La Monumental）还有一个有趣的问题：那条倾斜弯道能否全油门通过？
赞德沃特的最后一个弯可以轻松全油门通过，但马德里的对应弯道则不同。这个弯不仅更长，而且海拔变化更大。弯道从高处开始，车手先下坡，然后在出弯处再度爬升，随后在驶向13号弯的路上再次下坡。
倍耐力透露，正因为这种复杂性，各支车队的模拟结果存在相当大的差异。
"很有意思的是看各车队的模拟在12号弯，也就是La Monumental，是否一致，因为一些车队本以为那里会受抓地力限制," 贝拉补充道。"他们预计在这一段必须松开油门，而其他车队则预计那里可以全油门通过。
维斯塔潘在周四就已经预测过，这个弯不会全油门通过，而且"车手技术"会成为一个影响因素
"现实情况是，那些模拟了松油门的车队是对的。尤其是在弯道的前半段，他们必须松一点油门，大约松掉30%到40%的油门。然后过两秒之后，他们就可以再次踩下油门了。
"这一点相当有意思，因为这会影响到轮胎的负荷，以及我们每个周末都在进行的轮胎完整性分析。"
这一点在第二次自由练习赛的数据中也能看出来，包括三位最快车手的数据。不过必须指出的是，他们之间存在差异。
两位法拉利车手都是以全油门入弯，之后才明显松开油门，而安东内利在入弯时的油门输入已经更加谨慎。在弯道的第二部分，所有人都是全油门通过。
据车手们所说，这正是这里成为挑战和可以抢圈速的地方的原因，正如维斯塔潘在周四就已经预言的那样。
“我觉得这个倾斜弯很酷。我认为全程全油门通过不会轻松。这里面需要一些技术，我觉得这总是好事，”这位红牛车手说道。
英文原文
Why Madring’s banked Turn 12 could be crucial in the Spanish GP
Pirelli says La Monumental puts F1 tyres under sustained loads unlike any other corner, while drivers have found there is lap time to gain by judging the throttle correctly
The latest addition to the Formula 1 calendar had already sparked plenty of discussion in the paddock before the weekend. Most of the conversations centred on safety and whether the track around the IFEMA complex would actually prove to be a ‘car killer’, as several teams feared after the rather chaotic F3 test.
Another aspect that attracted plenty of interest was La Monumental, Turn 12 of the new circuit. It is the corner with 13.5 degrees of banking, which equates to an incline of around 24%.
This is less than the final corner at Zandvoort – the Arie Luyendyk corner has 18 degrees of banking – but despite that, Pirelli describes La Monumental as the toughest corner on the entire F1 calendar for the tyres.
"Basically the peak of the vertical energy is not higher than in other corners that we have in the calendar, like in Qatar, the banking in Zandvoort, et cetera. It's more about the time you are under load and the continuous load that you have," Pirelli’s chief engineer Simone Berra explained.
"So basically instead of two or three seconds, you have 5.5 seconds under those loads. So you have double the duty cycle in that area. That is the main thing to keep in mind and what we are considering in our calculations."
For now, the real-world picture appears to correspond with the calculations Pirelli carried out ahead of the weekend, Berra confirmed when asked by Motorsport.com.
"At the moment it's in line with our simulations. Obviously we are still checking all the loads and all the data. We have just checked three or four teams for now, but what we have seen so far is in line with what we expected," Berra said on Friday night.
The length of the banked corner means that the overall load on the tyres is greater than at Zandvoort
This means there are no safety concerns for the time being, as there have been in Qatar in the past, first because of the so-called pyramid kerbs and later because of the sheer load. In Madrid, measures such as a maximum stint length or other interventions are not on the table for now.
"At the moment there is nothing to be concerned about," Berra confirmed. "Obviously we are still working and need to revise all the data. We will continue even tomorrow because we are sectioning the tyres, so we have to check all the constructions. This procedure is not yet finished. Saturday morning we are going to cut other tyres from FP2 and we are going to cut tyres from FP3 as well, but for now there are no concerns."
Which teams were right? Pirelli reveals differences in simulations
Aside from safety, there was another interesting question about La Monumental beforehand: can the banked corner be taken flat-out or not?
The final corner at Zandvoort is easily flat-out, although its Madrid counterpart is different. Not only is this corner longer, but it also features more elevation change. The corner starts high, before the drivers descend, then climbs again towards the exit, before dropping once more on the way towards Turn 13.
Because of this complexity, the teams’ simulations differed considerably, Pirelli reveals.
"It was interesting to see if the simulations from the teams were aligned in Turn 12, in La Monumental, because some teams were expecting to be grip limited," added Berra. "They expected that they had to lift from the throttle in this section, while other teams expected to be full throttle there.
Verstappen had already predicted on Thursday that the corner wouldn’t be taken at full throttle and that ‘driver skill’ would be a factor
"The reality is that the teams that simulated lifting were correct. Especially in the first part of the turn, they had to lift a bit, like 30 or 40% from the throttle. And then after two seconds, they could push again.
"This was quite interesting because this affects the loads on the tyres and the tyre integrity analysis that we are doing every weekend."
This can also be seen in the data from the second free practice session, including that of the three fastest drivers. It must be said, however, that there are differences between them.
Both Ferrari drivers started the corner at full throttle before lifting significantly, while Kimi Antonelli was already more cautious with his throttle input on corner entry. In the second part of the corner, everyone is flat-out.
According to the drivers, this is precisely what makes it a challenge and a place where lap time can be gained, as Max Verstappen had already predicted on Thursday.
"I think the banking is cool. It’s not going to be easy flat, I think. There's a bit of skill involved, which I think is always good," said the Red Bull driver.
Motorsport.com ·
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