F1新马德里赛道为何被称为“赛车杀手”
本周末马德里大奖赛将启用全新马德里赛道赛道，该赛道被比作摩纳哥、澳门和吉达的结合体，但F3测试中出现的19次红旗和多辆赛车损坏引发对其“赛车杀手”特性的担忧。
一级方程式的新西班牙大奖赛场地被形容为“赛车杀手”。
全新的马德里赛道赛道将于本周末举办史上第一场比赛，但直到现在F1车手们才开始意识到这条赛道将带来多么巨大的挑战。
已经驾驶过这条赛道的人将其描述为摩纳哥、澳门和吉达的混合体。
这是一条老派赛道，拥有真正的特色和有可能成为经典瞬间的弯角。但也有人担心它会带来什么样的比赛，以及对赛车和车手会有多么残酷。
在6月赛道建设期间探索过该赛道后，我们进一步深入研究了这条赛道究竟会带来什么样的挑战，以及本周末我们可以期待什么。
最大的指示是几周前在那里举行的为期两天的F3测试。
“在F3测试中出现了19次红旗和三个损坏的底盘、损坏的悬挂……好吧，他们是F3车手，但这是一条杀死赛车的赛道，”威廉姆斯F1车队领队James Vowles告诉西班牙媒体Sport。
The 比赛了解到，一些F3车队对不得不在那里测试感到不太满意，因为损坏零件清单非常长。
但那次F3测试作为F1马德里赛事的试播集非常有价值，这是赛道组织者要求的，试图避免拉斯维加斯首秀时出现的那些问题——当时失控的排水盖干扰了练习赛，撞毁了塞恩斯的法拉利，并激怒了车队领队Fred Vasseur。
混乱的F3测试也为F1车队和车手敲响了警钟，让他们意识到这将是一个多么大的挑战。
法拉利曾在7月在那里进行了一次F1拍摄日，但那时赛道版本要粗糙得多，所以F3的测试才是该场地的第一次正式测试。
让F1车队和车手担忧的是，F3中的19次红旗分散在赛道各处（见下文）。这意味着不仅仅有一个危险区域需要应对，而是有很多地方你可能出错并面临巨额维修账单。
由于许多车队要在2026年成本上限内计算剩余的开发预算，他们最不希望的就是赛车被撞毁。
我们采访了几位F3车手和车队，以了解为什么马德里赛道在这么多不同方面都如此具有挑战性，以及为什么会有这么多红旗。
当被问及为什么它如此具有挑战性时，奥迪支持的F3锦标赛领先者Freddie Slater告诉The 比赛：“因为那里的弯角非常紧，不容犯错，而且出弯时墙壁会向你逼近。它们不像大多数赛道那样远离你。”
“你总是出弯时试图远离它，而不是最大化利用，所以这是一条很难找到节奏的赛道。”
“你必须推进，否则你就慢。所以我认为这就是为什么它会造成这么多撞车，因为如果你不推进，你就没有达到极限。”
“但老实说，在我看来它可能是赛历上最好的赛道之一，因为它有那种老派的感觉。有点像一些老派的英国赛道、澳门之类的地方。所以我真的很兴奋能在那里举行[F3锦标赛]决赛。”
马德里赛道的一圈从类似吉达的低速减速弯开始，然后是3号和4号弯的全速冲刺，接着进入第一个真正的危险区域——第二个减速弯。
这是一个高速减速弯，出弯时墙壁肯定会向你逼近，也是测试中许多F3赛车被撞毁的地方。
“那里有很多圈速可赚，因为之后是上坡路段，所以上坡时有很多圈速可以争取，”Slater说。
“这就是为什么我看到很多人为了最大圈速而冒险，但这也可能是撞车最多的地方。”
“此外，路肩也不太宽容，所以你必须做对，否则就会撞车。”
这本质上是现已移除的新加坡Sling三顶点弯的更困难版本，轨迹是“如果稍微出错就会头朝墙壁撞去”。它不像虚拟世界中的一些圈那样看起来可以轻松跳过路肩。
而且减速弯的入口是赛道上仅有的两个直线模式区域之一，所以车手们将以约340公里/小时（211英里/小时）的速度到达。这绝对不是你想要出现直线模式故障的地方，就像今年早些时候维斯塔潘的红牛那样。
通过那个墙壁后，你驶入地下通道下方，开始上坡，通过另一个棘手的路段，那里也让许多F3赛车成为受害者。
赛道的突出特征是倾斜的La Monumental弯，但实际上在它之前的弯角在测试中让同样多的F3车手吃亏。
有一个紧凑的减速弯，接着是10号和11号弯的快速右/左连续弯，非常容易出错。
然后你将进入La Monumental，一个24%的倾斜弯，其挑战性使赞德沃特的倾斜弯相形见绌。
倍耐力的首席工程师Simone Berra将其称为锦标赛中“最严酷的弯角”，当The 比赛问他与赞德沃特的倾斜弯相比如何时，Berra说La Monumental对轮胎施加的能量高出20%到30%。
此外，它的出口完全盲区，而且是抓地力限制而非像赞德沃特倾斜弯那样的动力限制，也就是说，为了给车手所需的抓地力，对轮胎和赛车造成了巨大压力。
F3车手在测试中尝试了许多不同的线路，预计F1车手在周五也会这样做。
“感觉就像我在开印地赛车[在椭圆赛道上]，”Slater告诉The 比赛。
“所以是的，这很酷。在F3赛车中它几乎就是全油门。我认为在F2甚至F1中会稍微困难一些。”
“但很难找到正确的线路，因为显然在坡顶处，托底可能会很严重。看起来是一个容易的弯角，但实际上驾驶它，要找到节奏是相当困难的。”
La Monumental只是单圈的一半，之后还有更多具有挑战性的弯角，比如紧凑的17号右弯。
整圈几乎没有喘息的空间，保守驾驶也行不通。
蒙扎F3冲刺赛冠军加藤大翔解释说：“如果你想获得圈速，你必须推进到接近墙壁，所以这很冒险但驾驶起来很有趣。”
F1车手们在蒙扎的车手巡游中交换了对马德里的第一印象，Sainz透露“每个人似乎都对马德里推出的赛道感到相当震惊”。
Sainz，作为本大奖赛的大使，解释说他的意思是震惊于F1增加了一条真正有特色的赛道，而不是近年来加入赛历的一些较为平淡的街道赛道。
英文原文
Formula 1’s new Spanish Grand Prix venue has been described as a “car killer”.
The first-ever race at the brand-new Madring circuit will take place this weekend, but only now are F1 drivers starting to realise what a huge challenge the circuit is going to be.
It’s been described as a mix of Monaco, Macau and Jeddah by those who have already driven it.
It’s an old-school circuit with proper character and corners that have the potential to be instant classics. But there are fears about what kind of race it will produce and how brutal it could be for the cars and drivers.
Having explored the circuit during its construction in June, we’ve since dug more into exactly what kind of challenge the track will present and what we can expect this weekend.
The biggest indicator of that was the two-day Formula 3 test held there a couple of weeks ago.
“In the Formula 3 test there were 19 red flags and three broken chassis, broken suspensions…OK, they’re Formula 3 drivers, but it’s a track that kills cars,” Williams F1 team principal James Vowles told Spanish outlet Sport.
The Race understands some F3 teams were less than impressed by having to test there, because the damaged parts list was very long.
But that F3 test was highly valuable as a pilot episode for F1’s Madrid event, one requested by the circuit organiser to try to avoid the kind of issues that plagued Las Vegas’s debut when errant drain covers disrupted practice, wrecked Carlos Sainz’s Ferrari and infuriated team principal Fred Vasseur.
The chaotic F3 test has also acted as a warning sign for F1 teams and drivers about how much of a challenge it will be.
Ferrari conducted an F1 filming day there back in July, but that was on a much rougher version of the circuit, so the F3 running was the first proper test for the venue.
What’s worrying F1 teams and drivers is that the 19 red flags in F3 were scattered throughout the circuit (see below). It means there isn’t just one danger zone to navigate, as there are so many places where you can come unstuck and find yourself with a hefty repair bill.
With many teams working out their remaining development budget within the 2026 cost cap, the last thing they’ll want is a wrecked car.
We spoke to several F3 drivers and teams to find out why the Madring is so challenging in so many different ways and why there were so many red flags.
Asked why it’s so challenging, Audi-backed F3 championship leader Freddie Slater told The Race: “Because the corners that are there, they're so tight and they're not forgiving and also the walls come at you on the exit of the corners. They don't go away from you like most tracks.
“You're always coming out of the corner and trying to drive away from it instead of maximising, so it's a very tricky track to get in the rhythm of things.
“You have to push otherwise you're slow. So I think that's why it creates so many crashes because if you don't push you're just not on the limit.
“But honestly it's probably one of the best tracks on the calendar in my opinion, just because it's got that old-school feeling to it. Kind of like some of the old-school UK tracks, Macau, places like that. So I'm really excited to have the [F3 championship] finale there.”
The Madring lap starts with a slow-speed chicane akin to Jeddah’s, followed by a flat-out blast through Turns 3 and 4, which builds up into the first real danger zone - the second chicane.
It’s a high-speed chicane where the wall certainly comes at you on the exit, and it was the site of many a crumpled F3 car in the test.
“That's where there's so much laptime because there's uphill section after that, so there's so much laptime to gain going uphill,” Slater said.
“That's why I see a lot of people risking obviously for maximum laptime but also it's probably the place where the most crashes are.
“Also the kerbs are not very forgiving so you have to get it correct otherwise, you're going to end up crashing.”
It’s essentially an even harder version of the now-removed triple-apex Singapore Sling where the trajectory is 'head-first into the wall if you get it slightly wrong'. It’s not anything like some of the laps in the virtual world make it look where you’re able to effortlessly skip over the kerbs.
And the entry to the chicane is one of only two straight mode zones on the circuit, so drivers will be arriving at around 340km/h (211mph). It’s certainly not the kind of place you’d want a straight mode failure like those on Max Verstappen’s Red Bull earlier this year.
Negotiate that wall and you drive beneath the underpass and start climbing uphill through another tricky session that also claimed many an F3 car as a victim.
The standout feature of the circuit is the banked La Monumental corner but actually the corners just before it caught out just as many F3 drivers in the test.
There’s a tight chicane followed by a quick right/left in quick succession at Turns 10 and 11 that’s very easy to get wrong.
That then propels you into La Monumental, a 24% banked corner that dwarfs the challenge of Zandvoort’s banked turns.
Pirelli’s chief engineer Simone Berra labelled it “the most severe turn” in the championship and when The Race asked him how it compared to Zandvoort’s banking, Berra said La Monumental places 20 to 30% higher energy on the tyres.
Plus it has a completely blind exit and it’s grip-limited rather than power-limited like Zandvoort’s banked corner is, i.e. it’s a huge strain on the tyres and cars to give the drivers the grip they need.
F3 drivers were trying lots of different lines during the test and expect F1 drivers to do the same on Friday.
"It feels like I'm in an IndyCar [on an oval]," Slater told The Race.
"So yeah, it's pretty cool. It's just about flat, probably, in a Formula 3 car. I think it's going to be a little bit more difficult in your Formula 2 and maybe even Formula 1.
"But it's quite difficult to get the right line because obviously where the crest is, the bottoming can get quite bad. It looks an easy corner when you look at it but actually to drive it, it's quite a difficult corner to get the rhythm."
La Monumental only marks the halfway point in the lap and there are plenty more challenging corners after that, like the tight Turn 17 right-hander.
There’s very little breathing room around the lap and going conservative doesn’t work either.
Monza F3 sprint race winner Taito Kato explained: “If you want to gain laptime, you have to push until you’re close to the wall, so it’s risky but fun to drive.”
F1 drivers were swapping first impressions of Madrid on the drivers’ parade at Monza, with Sainz revealing “everyone seemed quite shocked by the track that Madrid has come up with”.
Sainz, who is an ambassador for this grand prix, explained he meant shocked in terms of F1 adding a track that has actual character, as opposed to some of the blander street tracks that have joined the calendar in recent years.
The Race ·
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