国际汽联远程操作中心升级至3.0版
国际汽联本周正式启用远程操作中心（ROC）3.0版，该中心位于F1比金山总部，自夏休期以来已投入运行。
2021年阿布扎比站的阴影或许永远不会完全消散，但当天犯下的错误暴露出国际汽联需要更好地运营F1比赛。
过多压力集中在单个人身上、现场赛事控制缺乏支持、系统不够先进以及员工需求不断扩大，意味着改变不仅是可取的，而且是必要的。
在那场争议性冠军决战的风波中上任的国际汽联主席穆罕默德·本·苏拉耶姆承诺采取直接行动，他批准的首批事项之一就是设立远程操作中心（ROC），以提供更多支持、建议和后备保障。
国际汽联于2022年初在日内瓦设立了首个ROC，但当时相当基础。本周ROC 3.0正式启用，本·苏拉耶姆和F1首席执行官斯特凡诺·多梅尼卡利出席。
如今，在国际汽联位于比金山的总部里，有一间专门辟出的房间，比赛周末约有14名分析师值守在里面的办公桌前，自夏休期以来一直在持续运作。
ROC是做什么的？
作为国际汽联（FIA）和F1管理公司（FOM）的联合举措，ROC是大奖赛顺利运行的四项关键组成部分之一，与赛事控制、系统运行和赛事干事协同工作。
它的工作覆盖面很广，例如判断赛车是否因超出赛道限制而违规、裁定潜在的黄旗违规行为、在起步时检查赛车是否停在自己的发车格内，以及监控各类事件以帮助赛事控制更好地评估是否需要出动安全车或出示红旗。
ROC 接收来自赛道的实时数据，包括 140 多路音视频信号、车辆定位遥测和无线电通信。系统还采用了先进技术，包括 AI 辅助形状识别、计算机视觉和无线电消息自动标记，以帮助标记赛道上的事故。
ROC 的核心优势之一是，可以利用技术和人工交互来分担赛事控制中心的任务，而赛事控制中心在赛道现场已经忙得不可开交。
赛道限制的判定方式就是一个完美的例子。系统采用三层自动化系统来判定——包括计算机视觉、赛车线偏差和地理围栏。
AI 会预先过滤掉大约 90% 的赛道限制违规，因为这些违规非常明显，因此人工只需详细评估剩下 10% 处于边缘情况的违规。
这将最大限度减少时间浪费，并确保对真正重要的边缘案例进行应有的尽职调查。
ROC 的角色不是在决定赛道限制处罚时充当法官、陪审团和行刑者；它的角色是提供所有信息，以便干事们能够自行做出判罚。
国际汽联体育总监蒂姆·马利昂表示：“最终是干事们删除圈速——因此他们会随后复核，以确保自己对此满意。”
“显然，在某些情况下这是一个快速的决定。在其他更接近边缘的情况下，则需要稍长一些时间。”
还有一个关键层面，ROC 在其中可以发挥重要作用，那就是决策过程的透明度。
因此，一旦做出删除某个圈速的判定，相关证据会立即发送给车队，向他们说明原因。
马利昂补充道：“我认为我们之所以能够较为成功地让赛道限制完全不再成为争议话题，原因之一就是我们部署了这项技术、共享了这项技术，并向所有车队自由分发证据。”
但 ROC 的作用不仅限于规则事务，它还在一些安全事项上为赛事控制提供支持。
从乔治·拉塞尔在2024年澳大利亚大奖赛倒数第二圈撞车事故中得到的一个教训是，赛事控制中心需要更好地了解撞车后赛车和车手的状态信息。
所以现在有了一个专门的工作台，可以帮助调出所有相关的车载画面和信息，以帮助赛事控制中心判断需要采取何种干预措施。
马利昂补充道：“当时我们意识到，我们需要一种更快的方式来识别出现问题的赛车，并提供关于那一辆赛车的所有信息，以便评估它所在的位置——它处于安全位置吗？它处于不安全位置吗？——并让我们能够尽快推进到必要的中和状态。”
自2022年以来，赛事控制中心的转变是巨大的，正如马利昂所说，它现在的位置与起步时已天差地别。但同样，时间对于真正理解需要什么至关重要。
“ROC 1.0 最初创立时只有四个人，有时多一两个人，”他说。“实际上，作为一套设施，我当时相当满意。它很快就成型了。
“我们得以重新利用一张旧赛事控制台——但它终究只是一间改造过的会议室，里面放着一张赛事控制台和一块小得多的视频墙。
“刚开始时，我们显然必须理解这项技术，但我们也必须理解各种关系和职责，而这件事是相当自然地逐步发展起来的。我们很幸运，那里有几位关键人物，他们曾在车队或类似环境中使用过类似设施，因而具备相关经验。
“因此，我想说，在头六个月里，能力提升非常、非常显著，信任也逐步建立起来。”
“我认为这确实是成功的关键，真正在赛事控制与赛事控制中心（ROC）之间建立信任，并理解正确的合作方式，从而成为有效的力量倍增器，而不仅仅是另一个声音。”
“而且有时候，如你所知，在时间压力下，一个明确做出决定的单一声音显然非常重要。”
归根结底，在监管执行方面，技术永远无法取代人类——但赛事控制中心（ROC）打算做的是降低犯错的风险。
正如本·苏拉耶姆所说：“尽量减少人为错误非常重要——但消除人为因素是不可能的。”
更充分的信息有助于做出更明智的决策，但ROC的价值还在于确保赛事控制中心和赛事总监能够专注于关键区域，而不会因为必须处理本可在别处解决的事务而不堪重负。
2021年阿布扎比事件的调查结论认为，把过多压力压在个人肩上只会增加犯错的风险。
如果ROC 3.0在2021年就已存在，那么当年的阿布扎比大奖赛可能不会演变成后来的样子。
但正如本·苏拉耶姆所说，时间无法倒流，重要的是已尽一切努力确保同样的错误不会在未来重演。
“这个承诺已经兑现了，”他说。“2021年在阿布扎比发生的事情本可以避免。但我们无法回到过去。我们必须面向未来。”
英文原文
While the ghosts of Abu Dhabi 2021 may never vanish totally, errors made that day exposed how the FIA needed to run Formula 1 races better.
Too much pressure placed on single individuals, a lack of support for race control on site, not advanced enough systems and the ever-expanding demands on staff meant change was not just desirable but essential.
Arriving amid the fallout of that controversial title decider, FIA president Mohammed Ben Sulayem promised direct action, and one of the first things he greenlit was a Remote Operations Centre (ROC) to offer more support, advice and back-up.
The FIA set up its first ROC in Geneva in early 2022, but it was quite a basic affair. This week ROC 3.0 was officially launched – with Ben Sulayem and F1 CEO Stefano Domenicali in attendance.
Now in a bespoke room at F1’s Biggin Hill headquarters, filled with desks that are manned by around 14 analysts on race weekends, it has been working away since the summer break.
What does ROC do?
As a joint initiative of the FIA and FOM, ROC is one of four key components for the smooth running of grands prix – working alongside race control, systems operations, and the stewards.
It covers a lot of ground – such as whether cars are in or out for track limit offences, judging potential yellow flag infringements, checking if cars are in their grid slots at the start, and monitoring incidents to help race control better evaluate if safety car or red flag responses are needed.
Feeding into ROC is live data from the track, including more than 140 audio and video feeds, car positioning telemetry and radio communications. Advanced technology is also used, including AI-assisted shape recognition, computer vision and automatic radio message tagging to help flag on-track incidents.
One of ROC’s core benefits is that technology and human interaction can be used to take tasks away from a race control that has its hands full at the track.
How track limits are judged is a perfect example. A three-layer automated system is used to work things out – comprising computer vision, racing-line deviation and geofencing.
AI will pre-filter roughly 90% of track limit breaches because they are so obvious, so a human only needs to assess in detail the 10% that are marginal.
This minimises time-wasting and ensures that proper diligence is done on the borderline ones that matter.
ROC’s role is not to be judge, jury and executioner in deciding on track limits penalties; it is to provide all the information so the stewards can make the calls themselves.
Tim Malyon, the FIA’s sporting director, said: “Ultimately it's the stewards that delete a lap - so they will then review just to make sure that they're happy.
“Obviously in some cases it's a quick decision. In other cases where it's a bit more borderline, it takes a bit longer.”
There is another critical layer where ROC has an important role to play, and that is transparency of the decision-making processes.
So once a call has been made to delete a laptime, the relevant evidence is sent immediately to teams to show them why.
Malyon adds: “One of the reasons I think we've been reasonably successful at completely removing track limits as a talking point is that we deployed the technology, shared the technology, and distributed the evidence freely to all the teams.”
But it is not just on regulatory matters where ROC has a role. It also supports race control on some safety matters, too.
One learning from George Russell’s penultimate lap crash in the 2024 Australian Grand Prix was that race control needed better information about the status of a car and driver once a crash has happened.
So now there is a bespoke desk that can help pull up all the relevant onboards and information to help race control work out what sort of intervention is needed.
Malyon added: “We realised at that time we needed a much quicker way to identify a car that had an issue, and provide all the information about that one car to be able to make an assessment of where it was - was it in a safe position? was it in an unsafe position? - and to allow us to progress as quickly as possible to a neutralisation if needed.”
The transformation of ROC since 2022 has been immense, as Malyon says where it is now is a world away from how it started. But equally, time was essential to actually understand what was needed.
“ROC 1.0 in its first inception was four people, sometimes one or two more,” he said. “Actually, as a facility, I was quite pleased at the time. It came together very quickly.
“We were able to repurpose a former race control desk - but it was ultimately a converted meeting room with a race control desk and a much smaller video wall.
“When we first started, obviously we had to understand the technology, but we also had to understand the relationships and the responsibilities, and it was something that grew quite organically. We were lucky enough to have a few key people in there that had experience of similar facilities that they'd used in teams or similar.
“As a result, I would say over the first six months there was a very, very significant ramp-up and a building of trust.
“I think that was key to the success, really, building that trust between race control and the ROC and understanding the right way to work together to be an effective force multiplier, not just another voice.
“And sometimes, as you'll know, a single voice making clear decisions is obviously very important when it comes to time pressure.”
Ultimately, technology can never replace humans when it comes to enforcing regulatory aspects – but what ROC intends to do is reduce the risk of mistakes being made.
As Ben Sulayem said: “Minimising the human error is very important - but getting rid of the human factor, it's impossible.”
Better information fuels better decisions, but ROC’s value comes also in making sure that race control and the race director can focus on critical areas and are not overwhelmed by having to do things that can be handled elsewhere.
The Abu Dhabi 2021 inquiry concluded that too much stress being placed on individuals’ shoulders only increased the danger of errors being made.
Had ROC 3.0 been around in 2021, then that year’s Abu Dhabi Grand Prix may not have turned into what it was.
But as Ben Sulayem says, time cannot be rolled back, and the important thing was that every effort was made to ensure the same mistakes were not repeated in the future.
“This promise was done,” he said. “What happened in Abu Dhabi in 2021 could have been avoided. But we can't go to the past. We have to go to the future.”
The Race ·
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